01 Theodoxus fluviatalis (Linnaeus, 1758). River Blackwater, Essex, England. 22nd June 2016. Leg. S. Taylor.

01 Theodoxus fluviatalis (Linnaeus, 1758). River Blackwater, Essex, England. 22nd June 2016. Leg. S. Taylor.

1: small but distinctly raised spire.
2: shell colours clearly visible on most recent growth.
3: shell colours concealed by layer of alga or mineralization on earlier growth.
4: septum formed by wide expansion of columellar lip.
5: thin, distal layer of conchiolin on operculum shows colour of flesh below underlying thick, translucent, calcareous layer.
6: when removed from animal, the thin, distal layer of conchiolin on operculum, partly tinted yellow and orange, shows colour of underlying thick, translucent, calcareous layer.
7: thin, distal layer of conchiolin extends beyond underlying rigid calcareous layer to form flexible seal for edges of closed operculum.
8: thick proximal calcareous layer of operculum that adheres to foot.
9: strong hooked peg that is embedded in foot when alive.

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