12 Testudinalia testudinalis. Littoral. Left: Great Cumbrae, Scotland. March 2016. © P. Lightfoot. Right: NE Scotland. Feb. 2016. © B. Hitchen

12 Testudinalia testudinalis. Littoral. Left: Great Cumbrae, Scotland. March 2016. © P. Lightfoot. Right: NE Scotland. Feb. 2016. © B. Hitchen

Pigment deficient, transparent shells showing green/turquoise mantle and central, dark, amphora-shape on the shell’s interior.
T. testudinalis feeds on algae coating bedrock and boulders. Eulittoral specimens are often found stationary on bare, vertical or overhanging rock during daylight hours. © P. Lightfoot and B. Hitchin.

APPENDIX re range advance/retreat: flic.kr/p/2jW74ig

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